India is the 7th Largest country by area The most populous country (as of November 2023) and the most populous democracy in the world since India's independence in 1947. Surrounded by the Indian Ocean to the south, the Arabian Sea to the southwest and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast, India shares land bordered by Pakistan to the west, in the north by China, Nepal and Bhutan and Bangladesh and Burma in the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is close to Sri Lanka and the Maldives The Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Burma and Indonesia.
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Modern humans came from Africa to the Indian subcontinent 55,000 years ago at the latest. Their long employment, initially in various forms of isolation as hunters and gatherers, has made the region extremely diverse and surpasses only Africa in terms of human genetic diversity. 9,000 years ago, settled life emerged on the subcontinent at the western end of the Indus Basin, which gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization of the third millennium BC. Developed. Around 1200 BC In the 4th century BC, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, reached India from the northwest.
The proof today is the hymns of the Rig Veda. Preserved through a highly vigilant oral tradition, the Rig Veda is a testimony to the origins of Hinduism in India. The Dravidian languages ??of India were displaced in the northern and western regions. Around 400 BC In the 4th century BC, caste-based stratification and exclusion emerged in Hinduism, as did Buddhism and Jainism, which claimed that social orders were not tied to heredity. Early political consolidations led to the emergence of the Mauryan and Gupta empires based in the Ganges basin. Their collective era was marked by diverse creativity, but also by the decline of the status of women and the incorporation of into an organized belief system. In southern India, the Middle Kingdoms exported Dravidian scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of Southeast Asia.
In the early medieval period, Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Zoroastrianism established themselves on the southern and western beachfronts of India. Muslim armies from Central Asia occasionally conquered India and the northern plains and latterly established the Delhi Sultanate and attracted to the smart network of medieval Islam in northern India. In the 15th century, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long- lasting mixed Hindu culture in South India. Sikhism surfaced in Punjab, rejecting institutionalized religion.
The Mughal Empire in 1526 steered by two centuries of relative peace, leaving behind a heritage of brilliant armature. What followed was the gradational expansion of the British East India Company, which turned India into a social frugality but also secured its sovereignty. British crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were sluggishly granted, but specialized changes were made and ultramodern ideas about education and public life took root. A pioneering and influential nationalist movement was born, known fornon-violent resistance, which came an important factor in ending British rule. In 19 7, the British Indian Empire was divided into two independent executive homes, Hindu- maturity India and Muslim- maturity Pakistan, due to significant loss of life and unknown migration.
India has been a civil democracy since 1950 and is governed by a popular administrative system. It's a pluralistic, multilingual and transnational society. India's population and population grew from 361 million in 1951 to nearly 1. billion in 2022. At the same time, its nominal per capita income rose from$ 6 to$ 2,601 per time and its knowledge rate from16.6 percent to 7 percent. From a fairly poor country in 1951, India has come a fleetly growing major profitable and information technology service center with a growing middle class. India has a space program with several extraterrestrial operations planned or completed. It's the fourth country to land a spacecraft on the Moon and the first country to land within 600 kilometers( 370 mi) of the Moon's south pole.
Indian flicks, music and spiritual training play an decreasingly important part in global culture. India has significantly reduced its poverty, albeit at the cost of growing profitable inequality. India is a nuclear armament state with large military expenditures. It has controversies with bordering Pakistan and China over Kashmir that haven't been resolved since themid-20th century. Socio- profitable challenges facing India include gender inequality, child malnutrition and adding air pollution. India and# 039 the country is different with four biodiversity hotspots. The area of this timber is21.7. These timbers and other defended territories support Indian wildlife, which is traditionally tolerant in India and culture.
Etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary (3rd edition 2009), its name is "India". Derived from the classical Latin word India, referring to the uncertain regions of South Asia and the East. Name and "India" and "India". Hellenistic Greek Indo, ancient Greek Indos, ancient Persian Hindu (eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire), and finally its relative Sanskrit Sindhu or "river", especially the Indus River and implicitly the population It originates from the river where there are many rivers. River south basin. The ancient Greeks called them Indians, meaning "people of the Indus River.
The term Bharat is mentioned in both the Indian epics and the Indian Constitution, and variations of it are used in many Indian languages. Bharat is a modernized version of the historical name Bharatavarsha, which was originally applied to northern India and gained importance as an indigenous Indian name from the mid-19th century onwards. Hindustan is a Middle Persian name for India that became popular in the 13th century and was widely used during the Mughal period. Hindustan has various meanings, referring either to the region that includes present-day northern India and Pakistan, or to all of India.According to the Oxford English Dictionary (3rd edition 2009), its name is "India". Derived from the classical Latin word India, referring to the uncertain regions of South Asia and the East.
Name and "India" and "India". Hellenistic Greek Indo, ancient Greek Indos, ancient Persian Hindu (eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire), and finally its relative Sanskrit Sindhu or "river", especially the Indus River and implicitly the population It originates from the river where there are many rivers. River south basin. The ancient Greeks called them Indians, meaning "people of the Indus River.
The term Bharat is mentioned in both the Indian epics and the Indian Constitution, and variations of it are used in many Indian languages. Bharat is a modernized version of the historical name Bharatavarsha, which was originally applied to northern India and gained importance as an indigenous Indian name from the mid-19th century onwards. Hindustan is a Middle Persian name for India that became popular in the 13th century and was widely used during the Mughal period. Hindustan has various meanings, referring either to the region that includes present-day northern India and Pakistan, or to all of India.
India is a federal union consisting of 28 states and eight union territories. All states, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi elect their parliaments and governments based on the Westminster political system.
The central government directly governs India's remaining five Union Territories through appointed administrators. In 1956, the state was reorganized on a linguistic basis as part of the State Reorganization Act. There are over 250,000 local governments at the city, township, block, district, and village levels.
List of 29 States of India with Capital
Here are the capitals of some of the states of India:
Andhra Pradesh: Amaravati
Arunachal Pradesh: Itanagar
Assam: Dispur
Bihar: Patna
Chhattisgarh: Raipur
Goa: Panaji
Gujarat: Gandhinagar
Haryana: Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh: Shimla
Jharkhand: Ranchi
Karnataka: Bengaluru
Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh: Bhopal
Maharashtra: Mumbai
Manipur: Imphal
Meghalaya: Shillong
Mizoram: Aizawl
Nagaland: Kohima
Odisha: Bhubaneswar
Punjab: Chandigarh
Rajasthan: Jaipur
Sikkim: Gangtok
Tamil Nadu: Chennai
Telangana: Hyderabad
Tripura: Agartala
Uttar Pradesh: Lucknow
Uttarakhand: Dehradun
West Bengal: Kolkata
You can find lists of Indian states and their capitals on the National Portal of India.
Union Territories of India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
jammu and kashmir
ladakh
lakshadweep islands
National Capital Region Delhi
Pondicherry
